英语语法之宾补、定语和状语
来源：青岛英孚成人英语培训机构时间：2020/10/18 17:38:57
宾补、定语和状语：句子成分不再困扰
【一】 I saw the third man coming with some pineapples.这句话的断句是：I saw / the third man coming with pineapples.还是I saw the third man / coming with pineapples.
我想问一下，前者的断句是把the third man coming with pineapples看作整个宾语,coming with pineapples就相当于定语从句who was coming with pineapples的简化，修饰the third man.这是个理解；后者的断句是把coming with pineapples看做宾补，补充说明宾语the third man. 请问如何哪个解释更正确呢。
【答】分析句子成分时，应注意两点：首先考虑句子结构，包括动词的用法和句型，其次要考虑句子意义，二者必须兼顾，不能偏废。I saw the third man coming with some pineapples. 意思应该是：
我看见第三个人带着一些菠萝过来了。
如果把coming with some pineapples按定语来理解，那么意思就是：
我看见带着一些菠萝过来的第三个人了。
这样分析和翻译显然不合适，说明个翻译是恰当的。
从动词see的用法看，我们知道see后可以跟复合宾语，句式是：see sb. doing sth.
那么，the third man coming with pineapples 则是see的复合宾语，其中the third man是宾语，coming with pineapples是宾补。
结论：无论从句子意思还是see的用法看，coming with pineapples作宾补无疑。
【二】I found some flowers in the garden. in the garden是做状语还是做宾语的补足语？
【答】想弄清楚这个问题，应先从find的用法着手。find 的用法如下：
1. find后跟单宾语：
(1) Many people here cannot find work.
(2) He didn’t find his key in his bag.
2. find后跟双宾语：
(1) I wonder if you could find me some bread.
(2) He has to apply for a permit and we have to find him a job.
3.find后跟复合宾语（宾语+补足语）：
(1) When she woke up, she found herself in a hospital.
(2) It's not the first time that you've found yourself in this situation.
(3) At my age I would find it hard to get another job...
(4) They found her walking alone and depressed on the beach.
(5) She returned to her east London home to find her back door forced open.
以上例句作find宾补的可以是：介词短语，形容词，现在分词短语，过去分词短语等。
上述例句中，介词短语作状语或是作宾补，都很明确：
He didn’t find his key in his bag. 句中的in his bag是地点状语，不是宾补。
When she woke up, she found herself in a hospital. 句中的in a hospital 是宾补，不是地点状语。
回到问题：I found some flowers in the garden. in the garden从语法上看，既可以作地点状语，也可以作宾语补足语。但从意思上看，我倾向于作地点状语。译为：我在花园里发现了（见到了）一些花。如果视为宾补，则很勉强，译为：我发现一些花在花园里？
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