PET考试中常见的考点同义替换技巧

来源：合肥英孚成人英语培训机构时间：2021/1/19 16:48:36

考生在考试中经常会遇到这样一种现象，在题干中遇到了一个teenager，但是在文章中找对应信息的时候，出现的却是young people；题干中遇到的是punctually，文中对应的是on time。这个就是PET考试中一个常见的考点，同义替换。

同义替换，简单来说，有时可以是名词替换名词，动词替换动词。这种情况比较简单。但是有时候，还会出现另外一种情况，例如题干中是 on busy school roads, 文章当中是heavy traffic in towns and cities。你会发现它的结构整个是不一样的，一个是介词短语，一个是名词性结构，这种同义替换相对来说难度更大一些。

对于考生来说，主要的一个难点就是单词基本认识，就是选不对答案。因此想要掌握同义替换，需要进行大量的练习。

在PET阅读中，同义替换有四种典型的方式：

1.同义词之间的替换

题目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.

原文：Food production has kept face with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation system that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.

分析：此题出现的同义词替换包括：

feeding → food production

due primarily to→mainly because of

improved irrigation systems→the expansion of artificial irrigation system.

典型的同义词替换：

change →shift / revision

metropolitan →city

overstate →exaggerate

expert →scientist / specialists

target →goal

decrease→crash / halve

comments →feedback

hard to find →elusive

like → resemble

2.同根词词性的替换

题目：They use their own natural secret antibiotics as weed-killers and also use unwanted materials as fertilizers.

原文：Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as ’weeds’, and spread waste to fertilize the crop.

分析：此题中出现的同根词词性替换包括：

secrete antibiotics → secretion

fertilizer →fertilize.

3.否定加反义词之间的替换

题目：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.

原文：Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanism for repair.

分析：题干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反义替换。

典型的否定加反义词替换：

downward →not rising

not traditional →radical new approaches

with no rain at all →droughts

4.上下义词的替换

所谓上下义，是指替换的词语之间通常有一种从属关系。题目中给的是一个具有属性或者是表示概念的词语，而在原文中出现的替换词却是一个具体或者是细节的信息，此类替换考察的是考生对这两者之间从属关系的配对。

题目：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.

原文：As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older.

分 析：原文中treatment即为题干中drugs的上义词。

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