全国服务热线:400-035-8011

位置:杭州美联英语培训学校 > 学校动态 > 英语主语有哪些

英语主语有哪些

来源:杭州美联英语培训学校时间:2020/6/17 15:32:32

  英语中可以充当主语的成分有:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语, 从句,以及某些固定词组。

英语主语有哪些

  作主语的词:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语, 从句,某些固定词组。

  名词作主语

  例:The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.

  直到河里的鱼死了,村民们才意识到污染的严重性

  S(subject主语)+ V(verb谓语动词) +O(object宾语). 主系表结构 :S(subject主语)+V(verb谓语动词,也称为系动词,就是所说的“系”)

  倒装:Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

  注意:倒装在主句,从句不倒装 /did 和not 提前,只剩动词原形

  强调:It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.

  如果强调的是主语或宾语且指人用who,其他一律用that。是that,而非其他/主句的顺序(倒装不强调,强调就不倒装)

  人称代词(主格),名词性代词,指示代词,不定代词,such(----样的人、物),it(时间,天气,距离等)

  at midnight /in the(泛指)middle of the night

  例:It is 9 o'clock when I went home.

  我回家的时候已经九点了

  一般句:It was nine when I got home.

  强调句:It was at nine that I got home.

  原形:I got home at nine.

  注意:作主语在句首/it作主语构成(常用 v-ing,不常用只有 use,good)

  (1)It is +adj. +of sb.(人的属性)/for sb.(物的属性)to do

  例:It is necessary to finish the design before National day. Tomorrow is National day.

  有必要在国庆节之前完成设计。明天是国庆日

  (2)it is +n.+for/of sb. to do

  例:It is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends.

  对阿拉伯人来说,和他们的朋友说话离得近不是一个好习惯

  It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party.

  被邀请参加聚会是我们极大的荣幸

  在感叹句中必须用it作形式主语:What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book.

  在问句中必须用形式主语:Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship?:可以乘宇宙飞船去月球吗?

  数词作主语

  Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65.

  动名词作主语

  一般 / 完成时

  v-ing: 主动/doing/having done

  not doing:被动/being done/having been done

  注意:doing 无时间限定/与谓语同时出现/在谓语动词后发生having done发生在谓语之前

  He still remembers being prized.

  当逻辑主语为无生命的东西时

  1.作主语时,通常表示一般性的无时间性的东西。而不定式表示某一种具体的动作。

  Smoking is habit difficult to break:抽烟的习惯很难打破的

  2.主语和表语一致

  Seeing is believing:眼见为实

  3.逻辑主语必须是所有格形式

  The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death.那个老人怜悯那条蛇,导致他的死亡。

  4.“it” 作形式主语:当表语为 no use,no good,no harm,any good,fun等名词或useless,nice,good,interesting,worthwhile等形容词时,句首常用it作形式主语,动名词后置。句型常用于说明“某种活动或某件事情如何”

  不定式作主语

  To +动词原形

  Not to do 解释:具有动词的性质,作宾语,状语/具有名词的性质,作主语/具有形容词性质,作定语/具有副词的性质,作状语。除谓语不可作之外,其他都可。

  一般式:to do

  进行时:to be doing

  完成时:to have done

  完成进行时:to have been doing

  to do:表示动作发生在谓语之后,I want to go home.与谓语动词几乎同时发生

  to be doing :表示与谓语动词同时发生

  to have done:发生在谓语动词之前 Someone was considered to have done something.

  to have been doing :动作从过去开始一直持续到谓语动词这个动作的发生

  不定式表示一种确定的动作

  To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your health:今天早上去做早操对你的健康不好

  名词化的形容词:the poor /the sick

  名词化的过去分词:the disabled

  名词化的介词短语:From my home to school is three kilometers:从我家到学校有三公里

  副词----不定式或动名词

  What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea.

  当你在大海中游泳时,发现鲨鱼是多么兴奋的事

  句子作主语

  〔1)that引导的从句,无意义,不担当句子成分,不省略

  a. It +v+ that从句

  b. It +系动词+表语+that 从句

  c. It is strange that he didn't come here yesterday:奇怪的是,昨天他没来这里

  当形容词为important necessary strange /that should +动词原形

  It is strange that he should (表示吃惊)pass the exam:奇怪的是,他可以通过考试

  〔2)It is +n +that 从句

  What a pity it is that you didn't come to this party:真遗憾你没来这个聚会

  当名词为a pity/a shame /a surprise +should +v原形(表示竟然)

  What a pity that she should be fail in exam:真遗憾,她竟然考试不及格

  〔3) It is +过去分词+that 从句

  It is reported that a car accident happened there:据报道,发生一场车祸

  从句s +be v-ed + inf.

  He is said to be studying in the USA:据说他在美国学习

  有人建议suggest/order/request + 从句 should +动词原形

  〔4) It +动词原形seem/appear /turn out/+that

  It seems that it will rain:看来要下雨

  〔1 〕It strikes sb. that 从句 :表示“某人突然想…”

  It occurs to sb. that从句:表示“某人发生了…”

  〔2〕 为强调从句意义,that从句常放在句首

  例:That he will come here is of great help:他来这儿是很有帮助的

  That you failed the exam will…:你考试失败了会…

  --What made his father so angry? :什么使他父亲很生气?

  --That he failed the exam. 或He fails the exam:他考试不及格

  c.在问句中必须有形式主语

  It is true that Bush will visit China again?

  Whether /if是否不担当句子成分,也不省略

  A.句首只用whether

  Whether he will come to the meeting is unknown yet.

  B.句末形式主语都可用 It ----whether/if

  It is of no/little important whether/if it will rain today.

  c.在有些句型中,从句不在前 It doesn't matter whether ----

  It doesn't matter whether it is new/it will rain tomorrow.

  〔3) 连接代词 who /whom/whose/what/which/担当从句成分,有意义,不省略

  A. what +sb. + clause

  What we will do next is not decided.

  B. what+修饰词 意为什么样的……

  What color you like is none of my business.

  C. what ……人,……事,……物

  What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present.

  注意:what前是否有先行词/与that 之间的区别

  That he said it at the meeting surprised everyone present.

  What 与which 的区别

  Which/what you want---若给定范围用which,没有用what。

  What ---be that---强调句的一种(强调后者):

  What I need most is that someone helps me.

  另外,what引导的从句作主语时,大多数情况下视为第三人称单数:

  What we need is time.

  What you said yesterday is right.

  但也有例外,如What we need are good doctors.

  注意:当what引导的名词性从句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。

  There be +what clause

  There was we call People's Republic of China in Chinese history.

  What +比较级what more /what worse

  what引导从句作状语修饰全句的内容。在句首或句中,很少在句尾

  Which +n (single)

  Whose +n(只用此)

  Whose father is a doctor is no sense.

  It从句作形式主语(what……人或物时,不用it)

  〔4)连接副词when/whose/how/why担当句子成分,有意义,不省略

  How the accident happened puzzled everyone.句尾用形式主语it

  〔5) 引导主语从句

  whoever/whosever/whatever/whichever/Anywhere/anything that /everyone that/whoever=anyone whom/anything that (泛指)/anything what (特指)

  Whoever 指人从意义判断

  Who 引导指事

  Since the introduction of reform, China has made earth shaking changes.自从改革以来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

领取试听课
每天限量名额,先到先得

尊重原创文章,转载请注明出处与链接:http://www.peixun360.com/2411/news/202903/违者必究! 以上就是杭州美联英语培训学校 小编为您整理 英语主语有哪些的全部内容。

温馨提示:提交留言后老师会第一时间与您联系!热线电话:400-035-8011