怎样写好英语段落

来源：汕头美联英语培训机构时间：2019/5/23 18:57:09

段落是文章的缩影。写好了段落，就能比较成功地写出较好的文章。经过中学英语基础阶段的学习之后，大学英语的写作重点就从选词造句转移到了联句成段和联段成篇上。进行段落层次上的写作训练，是写好英语文章的关键一环。

1． 主题句

主题句（topic sentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：

my mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. my mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: don't argue.

主题句中提出的 "certain rules" 指的是什么？展开句中通过四个 "don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句（即本段中的末句）。

1．1 主题句的位置

主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在四级考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。

例1: our life today depends very much on energy. in towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. the machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.

这段文字所讲的主要是能源问题。句就概括性地提出“我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖于能源”。而随后出现的三句都是具体事例，对句进行说明和论述。我们可以断定句为该段的主题句（斜体部分）。

段落的主题句对主题的限定主要是通过句中的关键词来表现的。关键词要尽量写得具体些。对“具体”的要求包括两个方面：一是要具体到能控制和限制段落的发展；二是要具体到能说明段落发展的方法。准确地把握关键词是清楚地表达段落主题、写好段落主题句的重要前提之一。在上面的例1，例2中，主题句的关键词分别为：depends very much on energy; no one can avoid being influenced. 我们再看下列例句：

原句1: he can fix a bicycle himself.

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。但它只是限制了段落发展的部分内容，并没有告诉读者该用哪种方法展开，是用因果关系法还是用分类法？

修正：he can fix a bicycle himself in several simple steps.

修正：there are several reasons why he can fix a bicycle himself.

原句2: she tries to improve her looks.

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。她试着改变她面容的理由是什么？或者她采取什么方法来改善呢？我们无法从关键词中清楚得知。

修正：she tries many ways to improve her looks.

修正：there are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks。

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