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无锡美联讲解主谓一致的用法

来源:无锡美联英语培训学校时间:2019/8/21 16:02:37

无锡美联讲解主谓一致的用法

  一、主谓一致三原则
  主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
  1.语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
  Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
  They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
  2.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
  My family are having lunch now.
  我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
  Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
  这本书20美元太贵了。
  3.就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于靠近他的主语。例如:
  Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
  不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
  There is a pen and some books on the desk.
  课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
  二、主谓一致常考题型
  1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
  The desk is Tom's.这张桌子是汤姆的。
  Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。
  The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
  2.many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
  Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。
  3.more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
  More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
  4.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
  Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。
  Twenty pounds isn't so heavy.2 0磅并不太重。
  Ten miles isn't a long distance.1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
  Five minus four is one.5减4等于1。
  5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
  Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
  Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。
  6.one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
  One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。
  7.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
  To see is to believe眼见为实。
  Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
  8.a/an+单数名词+or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。
  A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
  9.当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与个名词一致。
  Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
  Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
  The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
  10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
  The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
  The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
  A knife and fork is on the table.
  11.people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
  People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
  His family isn't large.他家的人不多。
  My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
  12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,
  Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗?
  Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。
  Nobody was in.没有人在家。
  13.each,either,neither,another,the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。
  Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。
  Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不正确。
  14.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等,
  No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
  Maths is very popular in our class在我们班数学很受欢迎。
  15.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
  Either my wife or I am going.
  Neither you,nor I,nor anyone else knows the answer.
  Not only you but also he is ready to leave.

 

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