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无锡美联讲解主谓一致的用法
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于靠近他的主语。例如:
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型
1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom's.这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2.many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。
3.more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn't so heavy.2 0磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn't a long distance.1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one.5减4等于1。
5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。
6.one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。
7.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8.a/an+单数名词+or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
9.当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
A knife and fork is on the table.
11.people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
His family isn't large.他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,
Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。
Nobody was in.没有人在家。
13.each,either,neither,another,the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不正确。
14.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等,
No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you,nor I,nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
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