22考研英语大纲公布时[细节题]如何复习

Ⅰ.

31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to ______.

32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?

[A] Genetic modification

[B] Natural environment

[C] Living standards

[D] Daily exercise

(Para.2)The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

(Para.3)Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women—hasn't really changed since 1960.(2008年 text 3)

细节题解题关键：定位。

解析：

Step1：识别题型

细节题题干中没有统一的提问模式，识别它主要有两种方法，一是判断题干中为文中细节信息;二是通过排除其他5种较为鲜明的题型的提问方式。

题干Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?

①　Play a key role in body growth 为文中的信息

②　不是主旨大意题、态度题、段落推断题、词义句意题或者例证题的提问方式(这5种题型的提问方式非常鲜明)

Step2：定位

一篇文章400-500词，细节信息随处可见，所以首先要找到题干中细节信息的所在，定位到解题句，这时候我们较重要的就是定位。定位分两步走，步是根据题文同序的原则找到细节题对应的段落，称为模糊定位;然后进行第二步准确定位，找到较终解题的句子。就如同在中国地图上找枣庄市，那我们首先要在地图上找到山东省，然后在山东省内找枣庄市。

(1) 模糊定位：因为阅读部分每篇文章5道题目的解题段落和文章段落的走向是相互对应的，这就是“题文同序”原则的由来。如：2018年(英语二)Text 1中篇文章题号分别为21、22、23、24、25，文章共有8个段落;21题解题段落涉及第2段，22题解题段落涉及第4段;23题解题段落涉及第5段;24题解题段落涉及第6段;25题解题段落涉及7&8两段。

所以本题可以根据31题进行判断，31题的答案位于第2段句话，则32题的答案涉及第2段(第2句话起)和第3段。

(2) 准确定位：模糊定位是为了锁定解题的大致范围，往往是一个段落或者半个段落，所以模糊定位之后要进行定位，找到题干中涉及细节信息的句子。这时候要观察题干中文中信息，找到回文定位的关键词。

play a key role ; body growth是题干中展示的文中信息，称之为关键词，所以可以根据它们回到文中定位，发现第3段的第1个句子中有growth一词，而且这个词只出现在了这个句子里，所以本句为解题句。

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. (解题句)

Step3：理解句子，选择正确答案

①　找到定位句之后解题，理解句子，选择正确答案即可。如果句子很长，理解语义有难度，可以先理清句子主干，抓主要成分，可以正确解题。

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues.

该句中有which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰growth一词，可以先搁置;真正的谓语为demands，宾语为 calories and nutrients;双破折号之间为补充说明的成分，也可以搁置;to feed expanding tissues，to 表目的;则主干：

Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues.

②　需要考生对主干部分进行一个基本的理解：成长需要卡路里和营养来喂养扩大的组织。

③　回到题目看选项，选择答案

[A] Genetic modification 基因的改变

[B] Natural environment 自然环境

[C] Living standards 生活标准

[D] Daily exercise 日常锻炼

答案为C

A&B项在第2段落的较后一句中涉及到，具体为genetic，environmental level，但是此句中没有提及基因是否改变( modification)，没有提及是否为自然环境(natural)，这是文中信息的干扰。所以细节题的定位非常重要，如果能够根据growth定位到第3段的第1句，则不会收到A 和B的干扰。

至于D项没有在第2段较后一句中出现原词，但是会有考生认为common practice 为其同义表达，但是common practice为习惯性做法(practice含义广泛，有惯例之意)，如果定位准确则不会产生这样的干扰;也有考生一想到 calories一词，就会联想到D项的日常锻炼去消除卡路里，此时D项为常识干扰。文中只说需要卡路里，没有涉及减少卡路里的方法，切记:所有的正确选项都是基于对原文的同义表达。