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雅思作文中如何恰当的进行举例

一、例子与段落结构

雅思考察的是交流能力，就写作而言，就是考察考生用英语写出易懂段落的能力。要让一个段落易懂，较好只论述一个idea。很多雅思考生误以为idea数量越多，TR分数越高。实际上恰恰相反，只有用解释和例子充分拓展idea才会得，idea数量多并不会加分。以下面的题目和段落为例：

题目：Today people are traveling more than before.Why is this the case?

段落1：I think more people are traveling because people are earning more money these days and they can afford to travel.Additionally，flights are much cheaper than they were in the past.Moreover，people have very stressful lives these days and need to go on holiday.Furthermore，children expect to be taken on holiday when they are off school during the summer.Finally，it is good for the family to spend time with one another.

说明：上述段落列出了多个观点，向考官展示了自己对这个话题的了解程度。但是，雅思考的不是知识面，而是写作能力。这个段落只是在列清单，没有充分地拓展观点、形成一个逻辑连贯的段落。

段落2：In the past，air tickets were only for the rich and famous because most salaries could not cover the price of a flight to a foreign country.This meant that the majority simply stayed at home or took their holidays domestically;however，this has all changed with the creation of budget airlines.Low-cost carriers，such as Ryanair in Europe or Tiger Air in Asia，have meant that anyone can save up and travel to a new country，with prices starting as low as$1.

说明：段落2只提出了一个观点航空旅行便宜。作者在句提出了观点，然后进行了解释，扣住题目，并使用例子来支撑。这是符合考官期待的段落，其结构可以概括为：中心句(提出观点)+解释(解释观点，为什么你这么认为，与题目的关系)+举例。

二、怎样举例

很多考生觉得举例很难，如果没有真实的例子，其实编一个就行。考官不会核实例子的真实性，他们只在乎你是否会举例。

编例子有四种方法：高校研究，政府民调，新闻报道，个人经验，例如：

三、避免泛化

雅思考生在举例时较容易出现的错误就是泛化(too general)，例子要具体才能有力的支撑论证。下面结合题目和论点来说明怎样的例子算具体：

题目：为什么女性应获得同等收入。

论点：在大学里，女性分数比男生高。

举例1：For example，women achieve more than men at university.

说明：这是个笼统的陈述，并没有在支撑论点，而只是在重复论点。

举例2：For instance，most women on my university course did better than men.

说明：这个比上一个好一些，提到我的大学让例子更具体，但还是缺乏细节，读起来感觉含糊。

举例3：For example，at Queens University in 2009 32%of female law graduates achieved First Class Honours，while only 8%of males achieved the same.

说明：这是个非常具体的例子，包含了时间、地点、数字。当与人讨论问题时，显然这样的例子更有说服力，更能让对方理解和接受你的观点。

让例子具体化的办法就是：增加日期、地点、公司名称、大学名称、人名、统计数据等信息。

四、例子的语言

一篇大作文里提到2-3个例子即可，可以用以下短语来引出例子：

1.For example，thousands of Palestinians and Israelis have joined the same online groups that show support for peace and solidarity，something that would have been impossible 25 years ago.

2.For instance，Cambridge University found in a recent study that 62%of men and women who paid for an annual gym membership failed to go entirely after just one month.

3.This is illustrated by the fact that in the United States you must complete four years of higher education before you can study law.

4.Many sports brands，such as Adidas and Nike，pay professional athletes million of dollars to endorse their products.

5.There are now a few low cost airlines in the UK，namely Ryanair and Easyjet，that offer very affordable flights.

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